Array of paper towel products

ABSTRACT

Paper towel products, for example paper towel products, and arrays thereof associated with non-textual indicia, such as patterns, that are psychologically matched to intensive properties of the paper towel products; processes for making such an array of paper towel products, and marketing articles associated with displaying or advertising an array of paper towel products are provided.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to paper towel products, packages housingsuch paper towel products and arrays thereof wherein the paper towelproducts and/or packages are associated with non-textual indicia thatare psychologically matched to intensive properties of the paper towelproducts; processes for making such paper towel products, and marketingarticles associated with displaying or advertising such paper towelproducts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the past, consumers of paper towel products, have had the opportunityto purchase paper towel products that exhibit similar common intensiveproperty values but have differed in physical form and/or additivescontained within such paper towel products. For example, paper towelproducts are currently offered in physical forms that vary by number ofplies, most often one-ply or two-ply. For example, Bounty® brand papertowel products currently are marketed in two-ply and one-ply physicalforms. The two-ply physical form is marketed under the name Bounty®. TheBounty® paper towel product is housed within a package comprising thecolor green. The one-ply physical form is marketed under the nameBounty® Basic. The Bounty® Basic paper towel product is housed within apackage comprising the color orange.

It is believed that different consumers, especially consumers of papertowel products, desire different common intensive property values in thepaper towel products that they may select from for purchase andsubsequent use. However, conventional product and marketing strategiesutilized by producers of these products fail to satisfy the consumers'desires.

Furthermore, it is believed that the longer it takes for a consumer toidentify a product on the store shelf, the less likely they will be toselect and evaluate their intended product for subsequent purchase whilein the store. This delay time in identifying the appropriate product onthe store shelf can affect both initial purchase or repurchase intent ofa particular product, even if the consumer has used and liked theperformance of the product in the past.

Accordingly, there is a need for an array of paper towel productsassociated with non-textual indicia that are psychologically matched tointensive properties of the paper towel products, which may simplifyand/or expedite a paper towel product consumer's identification and/orselection process of paper towel products on a store shelf and thus,reduce consumer confusion, shopping and/or overall dissatisfaction withthe shopping process, processes for making such an array, and marketingarticles associated with displaying or advertising such an array.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention fulfills the need described above by providingpaper towel products that are, directly or indirectly via packaginghousing the paper towel products, associated with non-textual indiciathat are psychologically matched to intensive properties of the papertowel products; and processes for making such paper towel products, andmarketing articles associated with displaying or advertising such papertowel products.

In one example of the present invention, an array of paper towelproducts comprising a first paper towel product comprising a firstpattern that is psychologically matched to softness and a second papertowel product comprising a second pattern that is psychologicallymatched to an intensive property of paper towel products other thansoftness, is provided.

In another example of the present invention, a process for making anarray of paper towel products, the process comprising the steps of:

-   -   a. producing a first paper towel product comprising a first        pattern that is psychologically matched to softness;    -   b. producing a second paper towel product comprising a second        pattern that is psychologically matched to an intensive property        of paper towel products other than softness; and    -   c. packaging the first and second paper towel products in paper        towel product packages comprising a common brand name, is        provided.

In yet another example of the present invention, a marketing articleassociated with an array of paper towel products, the marketing articlecomprising a first pattern for a paper towel product wherein the firstpattern is psychologically matched to softness and a second pattern fora paper towel product wherein the second pattern is psychologicallymatched to an intensive property of paper towel products other thansoftness, is provided.

Accordingly, the present invention provides an array of paper towelproducts and processes for making such arrays of paper towel products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a paper towel product according tothe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another paper towel productaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of another paper towel productaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an array of paper towel productsaccording to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

“Fiber” as used herein means an elongate particulate having an apparentlength greatly exceeding its apparent diameter, i.e. a length todiameter ratio of at least about 10. Fibers having a non-circularcross-section are common; the “diameter” in this case may be consideredto be the diameter of a circle having cross-sectional area equal to thecross-sectional area of the fiber. More specifically, as used herein,“fiber” refers to fibrous structure-making fibers. The present inventioncontemplates the use of a variety of fibrous structure-making fibers,such as, for example, natural fibers, including wood fibers, orsynthetic fibers made from natural polymers and/or synthetic fibers, orany other suitable fibers, and any combination thereof.

“Fibrous structure” as used herein means a structure (web) thatcomprises one or more fibers. Nonlimiting examples of processes formaking fibrous structures include known wet-laid fibrous structuremaking processes, air-laid fibrous structure making processes,meltblowing fibrous structure making processes, co-forming fibrousstructure making processes, and spunbond fibrous structure makingprocesses. Such processes typically include steps of preparing a fibercomposition, oftentimes referred to as a fiber slurry in wet-laidprocesses, either wet or dry, and then depositing a plurality of fibersonto a forming wire or belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure isformed, drying and/or bonding the fibers together such that a fibrousstructure is formed, and/or further processing the fibrous structuresuch that a finished fibrous structure is formed. The fibrous structuremay be a through-air-dried fibrous structure and/or conventionally driedfibrous structure. The fibrous structure may be creped or uncreped. Thefibrous structure may exhibit differential density regions or may besubstantially uniform in density. The fibrous structure may be patterndensified, conventionally felt-presses and/or high-bulk, uncompacted.The fibrous structures may be homogenous or multilayered inconstruction.

After and/or concurrently with the forming of the fibrous structure, thefibrous structure may be subjected to physical transformation operationssuch as embossing, calendering, selfing, printing, folding, softening,ring-rolling, applying additives, such as latex, lotion and softeningagents, combining with one or more other plies of fibrous structures,and the like to produce a finished fibrous structure that forms and/oris incorporated into a sanitary tissue product, such as a paper towelproduct.

“Sanitary tissue product” as used herein means a wiping implement forpost-urinary and/or post-bowel movement cleaning (toilet tissueproduct), for otorhinolaryngological discharges (facial tissue product)and/or multi-functional absorbent and cleaning uses (absorbent towelproducts such as paper towel products and/or wipe products).

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise oneor more fibrous structures and/or finished fibrous structures.

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit abasis weight between about 10 g/m² to about 120 g/m² and/or from about15 g/m² to about 110 g/m² and/or from about 20 g/m² to about 100 g/m²and/or from about 30 to 90 g/m². In addition, the sanitary tissueproduct of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight betweenabout 40 g/m² to about 120 g/m² and/or from about 50 g/m² to about 110g/m² and/or from about 55 g/m² to about 105 g/m² and/or from about 60 to100 g/m².

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit atotal dry tensile strength of greater than about 59 g/cm (150 g/in)and/or from about 78 g/cm (200 g/in) to about 394 g/cm (1000 g/in)and/or from about 98 g/cm (250 g/in) to about 335 g/cm (850 g/in). Inaddition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention mayexhibit a total dry tensile strength of greater than about 196 g/cm (500g/in) and/or from about 196 g/cm (500 g/in) to about 394 g/cm (1000g/in) and/or from about 216 g/cm (550 g/in) to about 335 g/cm (850 g/in)and/or from about 236 g/cm (600 g/in) to about 315 g/cm (800 g/in). Inone example, the sanitary tissue product exhibits a total dry tensilestrength of less than about 394 g/cm (1000 g/in) and/or less than about335 g/cm (850 g/in). Two or more sanitary tissue products within anarray of sanitary tissue products according to the present invention mayexhibit different total dry tensile strengths.

In one example, one sanitary tissue product in an array of sanitarytissue products according to the present invention exhibits a total drytensile strength of greater than 216 g/cm (550 g/in) and anothersanitary tissue product within the array exhibits a total dry tensilestrength of less than 216 g/cm (550 g/in).

In another example, the sanitary tissue products of the presentinvention may exhibit a total dry tensile strength of greater than about315 g/cm (800 g/in) and/or greater than about 354 g/cm (900 g/in) and/orgreater than about 394 g/cm (1000 g/in) and/or from about 315 g/cm (800g/in) to about 1968 g/cm (5000 g/in) and/or from about 354 g/cm (900g/in) to about 1181 g/cm (3000 g/in) and/or from about 354 g/cm (900g/in) to about 984 g/cm (2500 g/in) and/or from about 394 g/cm (1000g/in) to about 787 g/cm (2000 g/in).

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit atotal wet tensile strength of less than about 78 g/cm (200 g/in) and/orless than about 59 g/cm (150 g/in) and/or less than about 39 g/cm (100g/in) and/or less than about 29 g/cm (75 g/in).

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit aninitial total wet tensile strength of greater than about 118 g/cm (300g/in) and/or greater than about 157 g/cm (400 g/in) and/or greater thanabout 196 g/cm (500 g/in) and/or greater than about 236 g/cm (600 g/in)and/or greater than about 276 g/cm (700 g/in) and/or greater than about315 g/cm (800 g/in) and/or greater than about 354 g/cm (900 g/in) and/orgreater than about 394 g/cm (1000 g/in) and/or from about 118 g/cm (300g/in) to about 1968 g/cm (5000 g/in) and/or from about 157 g/cm (400g/in) to about 1181 g/cm (3000 g/in) and/or from about 196 g/cm (500g/in) to about 984 g/cm (2500 g/in) and/or from about 196 g/cm (500g/in) to about 787 g/cm (2000 g/in) and/or from about 196 g/cm (500g/in) to about 591 g/cm (1500 g/in).

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may exhibit adensity of less than about 0.60 g/cm³ and/or less than about 0.30 g/cm³and/or less than about 0.20 g/cm³ and/or less than about 0.10 g/cm³and/or less than about 0.07 g/cm³ and/or less than about 0.05 g/cm³and/or from about 0.01 g/cm³ to about 0.20 g/cm³ and/or from about 0.02g/cm³ to about 0.10 g/cm³.

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be in anysuitable form, such as in a roll, in individual sheets, in connected,but perforated sheets, in a folded format or even in an unfolded.

The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprisesadditives such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents,permanent wet strength agents, bulk softening agents, lotions,silicones, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and/oron sanitary tissue products. In one example, the sanitary tissueproduct, for example a paper towel product, comprises a temporary wetstrength resin. In another example, the sanitary tissue product, forexample a paper towel product, comprises a permanent wet strength resin.

In one example, the sanitary tissue product comprises a paper towelproduct.

“Array of paper towel products” as used herein means a group of papertowel products. In one case, such a group of paper towel productsincludes those paper towel products that reside on the same shelf in aretail store and/or in the same aisle in a retail store.

“Ply” or “plies” as used herein means an individual finished fibrousstructure optionally to be disposed in a substantially contiguous,face-to-face relationship with other plies, forming a multiple ply(“multi-ply”) paper towel product. It is also contemplated that asingle-ply paper towel product can effectively form two “plies” ormultiple “plies”, for example, by being folded on itself.

“Machine Direction” or “MD” as used herein means the direction parallelto the flow of the fibrous structure through the papermaking machineand/or product manufacturing equipment. In one example, onceincorporated into a paper towel product, the MD of the fibrous structuremay be the MD of the paper towel product.

“Cross Machine Direction” or “CD” as used herein means the directionperpendicular to the machine direction in the same plane of the fibrousstructure. In one example, once incorporated into a paper towel product,the CD of the fibrous structure may be the CD of the paper towelproduct.

“Intensive property” as used herein means a property of a fibrousstructure and/or paper towel product, wherein the property is selectedfrom the group consisting of: lint, softness, basis weight, texture,tensile strength, especially total dry tensile strength, absorbency andmixtures thereof.

“Common intensive property” as used herein means an intensive propertythat is present in two or more fibrous structures and/or paper towelproducts.

“Value of a common intensive property” as used herein means a measuredvalue of a common intensive property present in each of two or morefibrous structures and/or paper towel products.

“Dominant common intensive property” as used herein means the greatestof two or more values of a common intensive property. For example, ifone paper towel product exhibits a softness of about 1 psu and anotherpaper towel product exhibits a softness of about 2 psu, then thedominant common intensive property is the 2 psu and the paper towelproduct that exhibits a softness of about 2 psu exhibits the dominantcommon intensive property. . In other words, one of the paper towelproducts exhibits greater softness than the other paper towel product.In one example, in order for softness of one paper towel product to be adominant common intensive property compared to softness of another papertowel product, the difference in the psu values of the paper towelproducts has to be greater than about 0.3 psu and/or greater than about0.4 psu and/or greater than about 0.5 psu and/or greater than about 0.75psu and/or greater than about 1 psu.

In another example, if one paper towel product exhibits a softness ofabout 0 psu and another paper towel product exhibits a softness of +0.5psu then the paper towel product that exhibits a softness of about +0.5psu exhibits the dominant common intensive property; namely softness. Inother words, one of the paper towel products is softer than the otherpaper towel product. Relative values between paper towel products, suchas one paper towel product is softer than another paper towel productmay be used to identify the dominant common intensive property inaddition to the absolute values of common intensive properties.

“Relative value of a common intensive property” as used herein means thevalue of a common intensive property of one fibrous structure and/orpaper towel product compared to the value of the common intensiveproperty in another fibrous structure and/or paper towel product. Forexample, the value of a common intensive property of one fibrousstructure and/or paper towel product may be greater or less than thevalue of the common intensive property of another fibrous structureand/or paper towel product.

“Communicated” as used herein means a package, for example a paper towelproduct package, comprising a non-textual indicia, and/or a paper towelproduct, itself, conveys information to a consumer about a producthoused within the package. In one example, the information about theproduct may be conveyed intuitively to a consumer by a non-textualindicia.

“Intuitively communicated” as used herein means a package and/or papertowel product, itself, comprising a non-textual indicia, conveysinformation by the non-textual indicia that a consumer interprets basedon the consumer's previous life experiences and/or knowledge.

“Indicia” as used herein means an identifier and/or indicator and/orhint and/or suggestion, of the nature of a property of something, suchas an intensive property of a paper towel product.

“Textual indicia” as used herein means a text indicia, such as a wordand/or phrase that communicates to a consumer a property about the papertowel product it is associated with. In one example, a paper towelproduct, is housed in a package comprising a textual indicia; namely,the word “Soft.”

“Brand name” as used herein means a single source identifier, in otherwords, a brand name identifies a product and/or service as exclusivelycoming from a single commercial source (i.e., company). An example of abrand name is Charmin®, which is also a trademark. Brand names arenonlimiting examples of textual indicia. The paper towel products of thepresent invention may be marketed and/or packaged under a common brandname (i.e., the same brand name, such as Charmin®). In addition to thebrand name, a product descriptor may also be associated with the papertowel products, such as “Ultra Strong” and/or “Ultra Soft” for example).

“Non-textual indicia” as used herein means a non-text indicia thatcommunicates to a consumer through a consumer's senses. In one example,a non-textual indicia may communicate, even intuitively communicate, toa consumer through sight (visual indicia), through touch (textureindicia), sound (audio indicia) and/or through smell (scent indicia).

Nonlimiting examples of non-textual indicia include colors, textures,patterns, such as emboss patterns and/or emboss pattern images or imagesof patterns, character representations, for example characterrepresentations exhibiting an active pose, and mixture thereof.

“Pattern” as used herein means an emboss pattern and/or athrough-air-dried pattern. In one example, the pattern is a non-random,repeating pattern.

“Psychologically matched” as used herein means that a non-textualindicia on a package housing a paper towel product of the presentinvention and/or on the paper towel product, itself, denotes (i.e.,serves as a symbol for; signifies; represents something) an intensiveproperty of the paper towel product. For example, an emboss patterncomprising rounded pillow shapes may denote softness, wherein an embosspattern comprising diamond shapes may denote strength (strong).Therefore, a consumer of paper towel products can identify and/or selecta package of paper towel product that exhibits a dominant commonintensive property of softness, wherein the package and/or the papertowel product itself comprises a non-textual indicia psychologicallymatched (such as rounded pillow shapes) to communicate to the consumerthat the paper towel products exhibits softness as its dominant commonintensive property. The psychologically matched non-textual indicia aidsin mitigating any confusion that the consumer may have when trying toidentify and/or select a desired paper towel product among an array ofpaper towel products. The consumer is able to interpret the intuitivecommunication from the non-textual indicia to be consistent with theactual dominant intensive property of the paper towel product.

“Psychologically different” as used herein means that two or moredifferent non-textual indicia, such as rounded pillow shapes and diamondshapes, denote different intensive properties. For example, the roundedpillow shapes may denote softness whereas the diamond shapes may denotestrength. In one example, in order to be psychologically different, thenon-textual indicia cannot denote the same intensive property. Forexample, the rounded pillow shapes, which may denote softness, and wavyline shapes, which may denote softness, are not psychologicallydifferent for the purposes of the present invention.

“Basis Weight” as used herein is the weight per unit area of a samplereported in lbs/3000 ft² or g/m² . The basis weight is measured hereinby the basis weight test method described in the Test Methods sectionherein.

“Dry Tensile Strength” (or simply “Tensile Strength” as used herein) ofa fibrous structure of the present invention and/or a paper towelproduct comprising such fibrous structure is measured according to theTensile Strength Test Method described herein.

“Softness” as used herein means the softness of a fibrous structureaccording to the present invention and/or a paper towel productcomprising such fibrous structure, which is determined according to ahuman panel evaluation wherein the softness of a test product ismeasured versus the softness of a control or standard product. Theresulting number is a relative measure of softness between the twofibrous structures and/or paper towel products. The softness is measuredherein by the softness test method described in the Test Methods sectionherein.

“Absorbency” as used herein means the characteristic of a fibrousstructure according to the present invention and/or a paper towelproduct comprising such fibrous structure, which allows it to take upand retain fluids, particularly water and aqueous solutions andsuspensions. In evaluating the absorbency of paper, not only is theabsolute quantity of fluid a given amount of paper will holdsignificant, but the rate at which the paper will absorb the fluid isalso. Absorbency is measured herein by the Horizontal Full Sheet (HFS)test method described in the Test Methods section herein.

“Lint” as used herein means any material that originated from a fibrousstructure according to the present invention and/or paper towel productcomprising such fibrous structure that remains on a surface after whichthe fibrous structure and/or paper towel product has come into contact.The lint value of a fibrous structure and/or paper towel productcomprising such fibrous structure is determined according to the LintTest Method described herein.

“Texture” as used herein means any pattern present in the fibrousstructure. For example, a pattern may be imparted to the fibrousstructure during the fibrous structure-making process, such as during athrough-air-drying step. A pattern may also be imparted to the fibrousstructure by embossing the finished fibrous structure during theconverting process and/or by any other suitable process known in theart.

“Color” as used herein, means a visual effect resulting from a humaneye's ability to distinguish the different wavelengths or frequencies oflight. The apparent color of an object depends on the wavelength of thelight that it reflects. While a wide palette of colors can be employedherein, it is preferred to use a member selected from the groupconsisting of orange, purple, lavender, indigo, red, green, blue,yellow, and violet. The method for measuring color is described in theColor Test Method described herein.

Paper Towel Product and Package

A paper towel product according to the present invention may be housedwithin a package comprising a non-textual indicia.

As shown in FIG. 1, in one example, a paper towel product package 10 forhousing a paper towel product (not shown) comprises a non-textualindicia 12; namely, a pattern, in this example it is a diamond patternembossed on a paper towel product, that is psychologically matched to anintensive property, specifically strength, exhibited by a paper towelproduct to be housed in the package 10. The non-textual indicia 12 mayalso be printed on a surface 14 of the package 10.

The package 10 may be made from any suitable packaging material 16 knownin the art. Nonlimiting examples include poly-wrap, polymer films, suchas polyolefin films, polyester films, paper, cardboard, plastic, wood,metal and other suitable packaging materials. In one example, thepackage 10 comprises a polyolefin film. In another example, the package10 comprises a polyester film. In still another example, the package 10comprises cardboard. Nonlimiting examples of packages suitable for usewith the paper towel products of the present invention are commerciallyavailable from Cello-Foil Products, Inc. and Superpac. In one example,non-textual indicia, such as patterns, are applied to and/or made a partof film that forms the package by any suitable application process knownin the art.

In addition to the non-textual indicia 12, the package 10 may furthercomprise a single source identifier, such as a brand name, 18, such as atrademark, as represented by “BRAND” in FIG. 1. The single sourceidentifier 18 may be positioned entirely or partially within thenon-textual indicia 12. In another example, the single source identifier18 may be discrete from the non-textual indicia 12.

As shown in FIG. 2, in another example, a paper towel product package 10for housing a paper towel product (not shown) comprises a non-textualindicia 12; namely, a pattern, in this example it is a rounded pillow(quilted) pattern embossed on the surface of a paper towel product, thatis psychologically matched to an intensive property, specificallysoftness, exhibited by a paper towel product to be housed in the package10. The non-textual indicia 12 may be on a surface 14 of the package 10.

As shown in FIG. 3, in another example, a package 10 for housing a papertowel product 20 may be made such that a surface 22 of the paper towelproduct 20 housed within the package 10 is visible to a consumer at thepoint of sale and/or in advertising. The paper towel product 20 maycomprise a non-textual indicia 12, for example a pattern, that ispsychologically matched to an intensive property of the paper towelproduct 20.

Array of Paper Towel Products

An array of paper towel products according to the present invention maycomprise two or more paper towel products.

As shown in FIG. 4, in one example, an array of paper towel products 24(displayed on a store shelf 25 for example) housed within differentpackages 26, 28, 30. The first paper towel product housed within thefirst package 26 exhibits a value of a common intensive property that isdifferent from the second paper towel product housed within the secondpackage 28. In one example, the first paper towel product's value of thecommon intensive property is the dominant common intensive property. Therelative value of the common intensive property of the first paper towelproduct compared to the second paper towel product is communicated to aconsumer of paper towel products by non-textual indicia 32, 34. Thenon-textual indicia 32 may be psychologically matched to a dominantcommon intensive property present in the first paper towel product. Thenon-textual indicia 34 may be psychologically matched to a dominantcommon intensive property present in the second paper towel product. Inone example, the non-textual indicia 32 is psychologically differentfrom the non-textual indicia 34.

In addition to the first and second paper towel products within thearray, the array may further comprise a third paper towel product. Thethird paper towel product may exhibit a value of a common intensiveproperty that is the same and/or different from the value of the commonintensive property in the first paper towel product and the second papertowel product. The third paper towel product may be housed within apackage 30 that comprises a non-textual indicia 36. The non-textualindicia 36 may be psychologically matched to an intensive property ofthe third paper towel product. Further, the non-textual indicia 36 maybe psychologically different from one or both non-textual indicia 32,34. Nonlimiting examples of non-textual indicia 36 that could be used tointuitively communicate a third dominant intensive property includegeometric shapes consisting of five or more sides, such as pentagonal,hexagonal, octagonal or other repeating geometric patterns.

In addition to non-textual indicia, the packages comprising the papertowel products may further comprise textual indicia. Nonlimitingexamples of textual indicia include text, such as brand names, which maybe the same, separate, independent product designations that reinforceand/or support the non-textual indicia present on the packages.

In one example, a package comprising a paper towel product may compriseinformation about at least one or more, and/or two or more differentpaper towel products within the array of paper towel products.

In another example, a package comprising a paper towel product maycomprise information about various roll sizes in which the paper towelproduct within the package is available to the consumer.

In one example, an array of paper towel products in accordance with thepresent invention may comprise a plurality of single- and/or multi-plypaper towel products. The paper towel products may be dry and/or wet.The paper towel products may come in a variety of roll sizes and may bepackaged in different numbers, such as four, six, nine, twenty-four, andthe like. The array of paper towel products may displayed on a shelf ata point of sale, such as within a retail store, in such as way that thedifferent paper towel products within the array are visible to aconsumer during the consumer's purchasing decision process.

The array of paper towel products of the present invention may comprisetwo or more multi-ply paper towel products, such as two or more two-plypaper towel products. The array may comprise at least one single-plypaper towel product. The array may comprise a mixture of single-ply andmulti-ply paper towel products.

The array of paper towel products may comprise two or more paper towelproducts each of which comprises at least one value of a commonintensive property that is different from at least one or more of theothers.

The array of paper towel products may comprise a single-ply paper towelproduct that comprises at least one value of a common intensive propertythat is different from at least one multi-ply paper towel product withinthe array of paper towel products.

The array of paper towel products may comprise a single-ply paper towelproduct that comprises at least one value of a common intensive propertythat is different from the two or more multi-ply paper towel productswithin the array of paper towel products.

The array of paper towel products may comprise two or more single-plypaper towel products each of which comprises at least one value of acommon intensive property that is different from at least one or more ofthe others.

Two or more paper towel products within an array of paper towel productsmay differ in price, for example differ in retail price to a consumer.

The paper towel products may be marketed by the same company.

In addition to the paper towel product packages comprising non-textualindicia, marketing articles such as in-store ads, in-store flyers, printads, periodical ads, billboards, end-of-aisle displays, pallet wrappers,secondary packaging, corrugated boxes, shrink-wrap packaging, floor ads,window stick-on ads, shelf talkers, internet sites, etc. associated withthe paper towel products may also comprise non-textual indicia. Thenon-textual indicia on the marketing articles may be psychologicallymatched to intensive properties within the paper towel products that themarketing articles are associated with. Further, the non-textual indiciaon the marketing articles may be psychologically different. In oneexample, a marketing article, such as a billboard, comprises twonon-textual indicia that are psychologically different and arepsychologically matched to two different common intensive propertieswithin two different paper towel products.

Process for Displaying an Array of Paper towel Products

The array of paper towel products in accordance with the presentinvention may be displayed by any suitable process and any suitablelocation, such as a retail store, for a consumer's viewing,identification, selection and/or purchasing.

Intuitive Communication

Nonlimiting examples of non-textual, intuitive communication methodsinclude: hand gestures and movements; stick figures or other animatedcharacters demonstrating action; traffic sign shapes, lights, andarrows, body postures, facial expressions, eye movement, use ofpatterns, lines, curves, colors, etc. The human brain interprets thesemodes of non-textual, intuitive communication based on priorexperiences, instinct, emotions and/or feelings that are generatedwithin the human brain when it is exposed to these forms of non-textual,intuitive communication. Psychologists have spent many years developingan understanding of how the human brain interprets these modes ofcommunication and how they support, speed-up and/or redefineinterpretation of verbal and/or written communication. In the presentinvention, several modes of non-textual, intuitive communication may beused to speed up consumers' interpretation of written communication on apackage, thereby reducing the time necessary for consumers to identify,evaluate, and select for purchase an intended paper towel product withinan array of paper towel products.

In one example, two or more paper towel products within an array ofpaper towel products according to the present invention exhibit adifference of at least about 50 g/cm and/or at least about 75 g/cmand/or at least about 100 g/cm and/or at least about 150 g/cm and/or atleast about 200 g/cm.

Non-Textual Pattern Communication

In one example of an intuitive method of communicating intensiveproperties of a paper towel product comprises associating the papertowel product directly or indirectly (such as on a surface of a papertowel product package suitable for housing the paper towel product) witha pattern that consumers associate with common objects having common andknown inherent properties. In other words, the patterns arepsychologically matched to an intensive property such as strength. Thisassociation can be used to enhance or speed up consumers' intuitiverecognition of the intensive properties of the paper towel product basedon the inherent properties of the pattern. Nonlimiting examples ofpatterns that can intuitively communicate an intensive property areincluded in Table 1. Appropriate combinations thereof may also be used.

TABLE 1 Associated Potential Intensive Patterns Associated MaterialsProduct Property Properties Communicated Diamond gem stones hard, brightstrong, absorbent, basis weight Straight Lines razors, knives hard,sharp strong, absorbent, basis weight Sharp angles razors, knives hard,sharp strong, absorbent, basis weight Curves pillows, towels Soft Soft,absorbent, lint Paisleys, Flowers flowers Soft, scented Soft, absorbent,lint Circles pillows, towels Soft Soft, absorbent, lint Dashed linesQuilts soft, absorbent Soft, absorbent, lint Rounded pillows quiltssoft, absorbent Soft Waves, Wavy lines water Soft soft, absorbentGeometric Shapes buildings, engineered durability, strong, absorbent,lint structures efficiency

Test Methods

Unless otherwise indicated, all tests described herein including thosedescribed under the Definitions section and the following test methodsare conducted on samples, fibrous structure samples and/or paper towelproduct samples and/or handsheets that have been conditioned in aconditioned room at a temperature of 73° F.±4° F. (about 23° C.±2.2° C.)and a relative humidity of 50% ±10% for 2 hours prior to the test.Further, all tests are conducted in such conditioned room. Testedsamples and felts should be subjected to 73° F.±4° F. (about 23° C.±2.2°C.) and a relative humidity of 50%±10% for 2 hours prior to testing.

Basis Weight Method:

Basis weight is measured by preparing one or more samples of a certainarea (m²) and weighing the sample(s) of a fibrous structure according tothe present invention and/or a paper towel product comprising suchfibrous structure on a top loading balance with a minimum resolution of0.01 g. The balance is protected from air drafts and other disturbancesusing a draft shield. Weights are recorded when the readings on thebalance become constant. The average weight (g) is calculated and theaverage area of the samples (m²). The basis weight (g/m²) is calculatedby dividing the average weight (g) by the average area of the samples(m²).

Dry Tensile Strength Test Method:

One (1) inch by five (5) inch (2.5 cm×12.7 cm) strips of fibrousstructure and/or paper towel product are provided. The strip is placedon an electronic tensile tester Model 1122 commercially available fromInstron Corp., Canton, Mass. in a conditioned room at a temperature of73° F.±4° F. (about 28° C.±2.2° C.) and a relative humidity of 50%±10%.The crosshead speed of the tensile tester is 2.0 inches per minute(about 5.1 cm/minute) and the gauge length is 4.0 inches (about 10.2cm). The Dry Tensile Strength can be measured in any direction by thismethod. The “Total Dry Tensile Strength” or “TDT” is the special casedetermined by the arithmetic total of MD and CD tensile strengths of thestrips.

Wet Tensile Strength Test Method:

An electronic tensile tester (Thwing-Albert EJA Materials Tester,Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., 10960 Dutton Rd., Philadelphia, Pa.,19154) is used and operated at a crosshead speed of 4.0 inch (about10.16 cm) per minute and a gauge length of 1.0 inch (about 2.54 cm),using a strip of a fibrous structure and/or paper towel product of 1inch wide and a length greater than 3 inches long. The two ends of thestrip are placed in the upper jaws of the machine, and the center of thestrip is placed around a stainless steel peg (0.5 cm in diameter). Afterverifying that the strip is bent evenly around the steel peg, the stripis soaked in distilled water at about 20° C. for a soak time of 5seconds before initiating cross-head movement. The initial result of thetest is an array of data in the form load (grams force) versus crossheaddisplacement (centimeters from starting point).

The sample is tested in two orientations, referred to here as MD(machine direction, i.e., in the same direction as the continuouslywound reel and forming fabric) and CD (cross-machine direction, i.e.,90° from MD). The MD and CD wet tensile strengths are determined usingthe above equipment and the Total Wet Tensile is determined by takingthe sum of these two values.

Softness Test Method:

Ideally, prior to softness testing, the samples to be tested should beconditioned according to Tappi Method #T4020M-88. Here, samples arepreconditioned for 24 hours at a relative humidity level of 10 to 35%and within a temperature range of 22° C. to 40° C. After thispreconditioning step, samples should be conditioned for 24 hours at arelative humidity of 48% to 52% and within a temperature range of 22° C.to 24° C. Ideally, the softness panel testing should take place withinthe confines of a constant temperature and humidity room. If this is notfeasible, all samples, including the controls, should experienceidentical environmental exposure conditions.

Softness testing is performed as a paired comparison in a form similarto that described in “Manual on Sensory Testing Methods”, ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication 434, published by the American Society For Testingand Materials 1968 and is incorporated herein by reference. Softness isevaluated by subjective testing using what is referred to as a PairedDifference Test. The method employs a standard external to the testmaterial itself. For tactile perceived softness two samples arepresented such that the subject cannot see the samples, and the subjectis required to choose one of them on the basis of tactile softness. Theresult of the test is reported in what is referred to as Panel ScoreUnit (PSU). With respect to softness testing to obtain the softness datareported herein in PSU, a number of softness panel tests are performed.In each test ten practiced softness judges are asked to rate therelative softness of three sets of paired samples. The pairs of samplesare judged one pair at a time by each judge: one sample of each pairbeing designated X and the other Y. Briefly, each X sample is gradedagainst its paired Y sample as follows:

1. a grade of plus one is given if X is judged to may be a little softerthan Y, and a grade of minus one is given if Y is judged to may be alittle softer than X;

2. a grade of plus two is given if X is judged to surely be a littlesofter than Y, and a grade of minus two is given if Y is judged tosurely be a little softer than X;

3. a grade of plus three is given to X if it is judged to be a lotsofter than Y, and a grade of minus three is given if Y is judged to bea lot softer than X; and, lastly:

4. a grade of plus four is given to X if it is judged to be a whole lotsofter than Y, and a grade of minus 4 is given if Y is judged to be awhole lot softer than X.

The grades are averaged and the resultant value is in units of PSU. Theresulting data are considered the results of one panel test. If morethan one sample pair is evaluated then all sample pairs are rank orderedaccording to their grades by paired statistical analysis. Then, the rankis shifted up or down in value as required to give a zero PSU value towhich ever sample is chosen to be the zero-base standard. The othersamples then have plus or minus values as determined by their relativegrades with respect to the zero base standard. The number of panel testsperformed and averaged is such that about 0.2 PSU represents asignificant difference in subjectively perceived softness.

Lint Value Test Method:

The amount of lint generated from a finished fibrous structure isdetermined with a Sutherland Rub Tester. This tester uses a motor to ruba weighted felt 5 times over the finished fibrous structure, while thefinished fibrous structure is restrained in a stationary position. Thisfinished fibrous structure can be is referred to throughout this methodas the “web”. The Hunter Color L value is measured before and after therub test. The difference between these two Hunter Color L values is thenused to calculate a lint value. This lint method is designed to be usedwith white or substantially white fibrous structures and/or paper towelproducts. Therefore, if testing of a non-white paper towel, such asblue-colored or peach-colored paper towel, the same formulation shouldbe used to make a sample without the colored dye, pigment, etc, usingbleached kraft pulps.

i. Sample Preparation

Prior to the lint rub testing, the samples to be tested should beconditioned according to Tappi Method #T4020M-88. Here, samples arepreconditioned for 24 hours at a relative humidity level of 10 to 35%and within a temperature range of 22° C. to 40° C. After thispreconditioning step, samples should be conditioned for 24 hours at arelative humidity of 48 to 52% and within a temperature range of 22° C.to 24° C. This rub testing should also take place within the confines ofthe constant temperature and humidity room.

The Sutherland Rub Tester may be obtained from Testing Machines, Inc.(Amityville, N.Y., 1701). The web is first prepared by removing anddiscarding any product which might have been abraded in handling, e.g.on the outside of the roll. For products formed from multiple plies ofwebs, this test can be used to make a lint measurement on the multi-plyproduct, or, if the plies can be separated without damaging thespecimen, a measurement can be taken on the individual plies making upthe product. If a given sample differs from surface to surface, it isnecessary to test both surfaces and average the values in order toarrive at a composite lint value. In some cases, products are made frommultiple-plies of webs such that the facing-out surfaces are identical,in which case it is only necessary to test one surface. If both surfacesare to be tested, it is necessary to obtain six specimens for testing(Single surface testing only requires three specimens). Each specimenshould be folded in half such that the crease is running along the crossdirection (CD) of the web sample. For two-surface testing, make up 3samples with a first surface “out” and 3 with the second-side surface“out”. Keep track of which samples are first surface “out” and which aresecond surface out.

Obtain a 30″×40″ piece of Crescent #300 cardboard from Cordage Inc. (800E. Ross Road, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45217). Using a paper cutter, cut outsix pieces of cardboard of dimensions of 2.5″ 6″. Puncture two holesinto each of the six cards by forcing the cardboard onto the hold downpins of the Sutherland Rub tester.

Center and carefully place each of the 2.5×6″ cardboard pieces on top ofthe six previously folded samples. Make sure the 6″ dimension of thecardboard is running parallel to the machine direction (MD) of each ofthe paper towel product samples. Center and carefully place each of thecardboard pieces on top of the three previously folded samples. Onceagain, make sure the 6″ dimension of the cardboard is running parallelto the machine direction (MD) of each of the web samples.

Fold one edge of the exposed portion of the web specimen onto the backof the cardboard. Secure this edge to the cardboard with adhesive tapeobtained from 3M Inc. (¾″ wide Scotch Brand, St. Paul, Minn.). Carefullygrasp the other over-hanging paper towel product edge and snugly fold itover onto the back of the cardboard. While maintaining a snug fit of theweb specimen onto the board, tape this second edge to the back of thecardboard. Repeat this procedure for each sample.

Turn over each sample and tape the cross direction edge of the webspecimen to the cardboard. One half of the adhesive tape should contactthe web specimen while the other half is adhering to the cardboard.Repeat this procedure for each of the samples. If the paper towelproduct sample breaks, tears, or becomes frayed at any time during thecourse of this sample preparation procedure, discard and make up a newsample with a new paper towel product sample strip.

There will now be 3 first-side surface “out” samples on cardboard and(optionally) 3 second-side surface “out” samples on cardboard.

ii. Felt Preparation

Obtain a 30″×40″ piece of Crescent #300 cardboard from Cordage Inc. (800E. Ross Road, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45217). Using a paper cutter, cut outsix pieces of cardboard of dimensions of 2.25″×7.25″. Draw two linesparallel to the short dimension and down 1.125″ from the top and bottommost edges on the white side of the cardboard. Carefully score thelength of the line with a razor blade using a straight edge as a guide.Score it to a depth about half way through the thickness of the sheet.This scoring allows the cardboard/felt combination to fit tightly aroundthe weight of the Sutherland Rub tester. Draw an arrow running parallelto the long dimension of the cardboard on this scored side of thecardboard.

Cut the six pieces of black felt (F-55 or equivalent from New EnglandGasket, 550 Broad Street, Bristol, Conn. 06010) to the dimensions of2.25″×8.5″×0.0625″. Place the felt on top of the unscored, green side ofthe cardboard such that the long edges of both the felt and cardboardare parallel and in alignment. Make sure the fluffy side of the felt isfacing up. Also allow about 0.5″ to overhang the top and bottom mostedges of the cardboard. Snugly fold over both overhanging felt edgesonto the backside of the cardboard with Scotch brand tape. Prepare atotal of six of these felt/cardboard combinations.

For best reproducibility, all samples should be run with the same lot offelt. Obviously, there are occasions where a single lot of felt becomescompletely depleted. In those cases where a new lot of felt must beobtained, a correction factor should be determined for the new lot offelt. To determine the correction factor, obtain a representative singleweb sample of interest, and enough felt to make up 24 cardboard/feltsamples for the new and old lots.

As described below and before any rubbing has taken place, obtain HunterL readings for each of the 24 cardboard/felt samples of the new and oldlots of felt. Calculate the averages for both the 24 cardboard/feltsamples of the old lot and the 24 cardboard/felt samples of the new lot.Next, rub test the 24 cardboard/felt boards of the new lot and the 24cardboard/felt boards of the old lot as described below. Make sure thesame web lot number is used for each of the 24 samples for the old andnew lots. In addition, sampling of the web in the preparation of thecardboard/paper towel product samples must be done so the new lot offelt and the old lot of felt are exposed to as representative aspossible of a paper towel product sample. Discard any product whichmight have been damaged or abraded. Next, obtain 48 web samples for thecalibration. Place the first sample on the far left of the lab bench andthe last of the 48 samples on the far right of the bench. Mark thesample to the far left with the number “1” in a 1 cm by 1 cm area of thecorner of the sample. Continue to mark the samples consecutively up to48 such that the last sample to the far right is numbered 48.

Use the 24 odd numbered samples for the new felt and the 24 evennumbered samples for the old felt. Order the odd number samples fromlowest to highest. Order the even numbered samples from lowest tohighest. Now, mark the lowest number for each set with a letter “F” (for“first-side”). Mark the next highest number with the letter “S” (forsecond-side). Continue marking the samples in this alternating “F” /“S”pattern. Use the “F” samples for first surface “out” lint analyses andthe “S” samples for second-side surface “out” lint analyses. There arenow a total of 24 samples for the new lot of felt and the old lot offelt. Of this 24, twelve are for first-side surface “out” lint analysisand 12 are for second-side surface “out” lint analysis.

Rub and measure the Hunter Color L values for all 24 samples of the oldfelt as described below. Record the 12 first-side surface Hunter Color Lvalues for the old felt. Average the 12 values. Record the 12second-side surface Hunter Color L values for the old felt. Average the12 values. Subtract the average initial un-rubbed Hunter Color L feltreading from the average Hunter Color L reading for the first-sidesurface rubbed samples. This is the delta average difference for thefirst-side surface samples. Subtract the average initial un-rubbedHunter Color L felt reading from the average Hunter Color L reading forthe second-side surface rubbed samples. This is the delta averagedifference for the second-side surface samples. Calculate the sum of thedelta average difference for the first-side surface and the deltaaverage difference for the second-side surface and divide this sum by 2.This is the uncorrected lint value for the old felt. If there is acurrent felt correction factor for the old felt, add it to theuncorrected lint value for the old felt. This value is the correctedLint Value for the old felt.

Rub and measure the Hunter Color L values for all 24 samples of the newfelt as described below. Record the 12 first-side surface Hunter Color Lvalues for the new felt. Average the 12 values. Record the 12second-side surface Hunter Color L values for the new felt. Average the12 values. Subtract the average initial un-rubbed Hunter Color L feltreading from the average Hunter Color L reading for the first-sidesurface rubbed samples. This is the delta average difference for thefirst-side surface samples. Subtract the average initial un-rubbedHunter Color L felt reading from the average Hunter Color L reading forthe second-side surface rubbed samples. This is the delta averagedifference for the second-side surface samples. Calculate the sum of thedelta average difference for the first side surface and the deltaaverage difference for the second-side surface and divide this sum by 2.This is the uncorrected lint value for the new felt.

Take the difference between the corrected Lint Value from the old feltand the uncorrected lint value for the new felt. This difference is thefelt correction factor for the new lot of felt. Adding this feltcorrection factor to the uncorrected lint value for the new felt shouldbe identical to the corrected Lint Value for the old felt. Note that theabove procedure implies that the calibration is done with a two-surfacedspecimen. If it desirable or necessary to do a felt calibration using asingle-surfaced sample, it is satisfactory; however, the total of 24tests should still be done for each felt.

iii. Care of 4 Pound Weight

The four pound weight has four square inches of effective contact areaproviding a contact pressure of one pound per square inch. Since thecontact pressure can be changed by alteration of the rubber pads mountedon the face of the weight, it is important to use only the rubber padssupplied by the manufacturer (Brown Inc., Mechanical ServicesDepartment, Kalamazoo, Mich.). These pads must be replaced if theybecome hard, abraded or chipped off. When not in use, the weight must bepositioned such that the pads are not supporting the full weight of theweight. It is best to store the weight on its side.

iv. Rub Tester Instrument Calibration

The Sutherland Rub Tester must first be calibrated prior to use. First,turn on the Sutherland Rub Tester by moving the tester switch to the“cont” position. When the tester arm is in its position closest to theuser, turn the tester's switch to the “auto” position. Set the tester torun 5 strokes by moving the pointer arm on the large dial to the “five”position setting. One stroke is a single and complete forward andreverse motion of the weight. The end of the rubbing block should be inthe position closest to the operator at the beginning and at the end ofeach test. Prepare a test specimen on cardboard sample as describedabove. In addition, prepare a felt on cardboard sample as describedabove. Both of these samples will be used for calibration of theinstrument and will not be used in the acquisition of data for theactual samples.

Place this calibration web sample on the base plate of the tester byslipping the holes in the board over the hold-down pins. The hold-downpins prevent the sample from moving during the test. Clip thecalibration felt/cardboard sample onto the four pound weight with thecardboard side contacting the pads of the weight. Make sure thecardboard/felt combination is resting flat against the weight. Hook thisweight onto the tester arm and gently place the paper towel productsample underneath the weight/felt combination. The end of the weightclosest to the operator must be over the cardboard of the web sample andnot the web sample itself. The felt must rest flat on the paper towelproduct sample and must be in 100% contact with the web surface.Activate the tester by depressing the “push” button.

Keep a count of the number of strokes and observe and make a mental noteof the starting and stopping position of the felt covered weight inrelationship to the sample. If the total number of strokes is five andif the end of the felt covered weight closest to the operator is overthe cardboard of the web sample at the beginning and end of this test,the tester is calibrated and ready to use. If the total number ofstrokes is not five or if the end of the felt covered weight closest tothe operator is over the actual web sample either at the beginning orend of the test, repeat this calibration procedure until 5 strokes arecounted the end of the felt covered weight closest to the operator issituated over the cardboard at the both the start and end of the test.During the actual testing of samples, monitor and observe the strokecount and the starting and stopping point of the felt covered weight.Recalibrate when necessary.

v. Hunter Color Meter Calibration

Adjust the Hunter Color Difference Meter for the black and whitestandard plates according to the procedures outlined in the operationmanual of the instrument. Also run the stability check forstandardization as well as the daily color stability check if this hasnot been done during the past eight hours. In addition, the zeroreflectance must be checked and readjusted if necessary. Place the whitestandard plate on the sample stage under the instrument port. Releasethe sample stage and allow the sample plate to be raised beneath thesample port. Using the “L-Y”, “a-X”, and “b-Z” standardizing knobs,adjust the instrument to read the Standard White Plate Values of “L”,“a”, and “b” when the “L”, “a”, and “b” push buttons are depressed inturn.

vi. Measurement of Samples

The first step in the measurement of lint is to measure the Hunter colorvalues of the black felt/cardboard samples prior to being rubbed on theweb sample. The first step in this measurement is to lower the standardwhite plate from under the instrument port of the Hunter colorinstrument. Center a felt covered cardboard, with the arrow pointing tothe back of the color meter, on top of the standard plate. Release thesample stage, allowing the felt covered cardboard to be raised under thesample port.

Since the felt width is only slightly larger than the viewing areadiameter, make sure the felt completely covers the viewing area. Afterconfirming complete coverage, depress the L push button and wait for thereading to stabilize. Read and record this L value to the nearest 0.1unit. If a D25D2A head is in use, lower the felt covered cardboard andplate, rotate the felt covered cardboard 90° so the arrow points to theright side of the meter. Next, release the sample stage and check oncemore to make sure the viewing area is completely covered with felt.Depress the L push button. Read and record this value to the nearest 0.1unit. For the D25D2M unit, the recorded value is the Hunter Color Lvalue. For the D25D2A head where a rotated sample reading is alsorecorded, the Hunter Color L value is the average of the two recordedvalues.

Measure the Hunter Color L values for all of the felt covered cardboardsusing this technique. If the Hunter Color L values are all within 0.3units of one another, take the average to obtain the initial L reading.If the Hunter Color L values are not within the 0.3 units, discard thosefelt/cardboard combinations outside the limit. Prepare new samples andrepeat the Hunter Color L measurement until all samples are within 0.3units of one another.

For the measurement of the actual web sample/cardboard combinations,place the web sample/cardboard combination on the base plate of thetester by slipping the holes in the board over the hold-down pins. Thehold-down pins prevent the sample from moving during the test. Clip thecalibration felt/cardboard sample onto the four pound weight with thecardboard side contacting the pads of the weight. Make sure thecardboard/felt combination is resting flat against the weight Hook thisweight onto the tester arm and gently place the web sample underneaththe weight/felt combination. The end of the weight closest to theoperator must be over the cardboard of the web sample and not the websample itself. The felt must rest flat on the web sample and must be in100% contact with the web surface.

Next, activate the tester by depressing the “push” button. At the end ofthe five strokes the tester will automatically stop. Note the stoppingposition of the felt covered weight in relation to the sample. If theend of the felt covered weight toward the operator is over cardboard,the tester is operating properly. If the end of the felt covered weighttoward the operator is over sample, disregard this measurement andrecalibrate as directed above in the Sutherland Rub Tester Calibrationsection.

Remove the weight with the felt covered cardboard. Inspect the websample. If torn, discard the felt and web sample and start over. If theweb sample is intact, remove the felt covered cardboard from the weight.Determine the Hunter Color L value on the felt covered cardboard asdescribed above for the blank felts. Record the Hunter Color L readingsfor the felt after rubbing. Rub, measure, and record the Hunter Color Lvalues for all remaining samples. After all web specimens have beenmeasured, remove and discard all felt. Felts strips are not used again.Cardboards are used until they are bent, torn, limp, or no longer have asmooth surface.

vii. Calculations

Determine the delta L values by subtracting the average initial Lreading found for the unused felts from each of the measured values forthe first-side surface and second-side surface sides of the sample asfollows.

For samples measured on both surfaces, subtract the average initial Lreading found for the unused felts from each of the three first-sidesurface L readings and each of the three second-side surface L readings.Calculate the average delta for the three first-side surface values.Calculate the average delta for the three second-side surface values.Subtract the felt factor from each of these averages. The final resultsare termed a lint for the first-side surface and a lint for thesecond-side surface of the web.

By taking the average of the lint value on the first-side surface andthe second-side surface, the lint is obtained which is applicable tothat particular web or product. In other words, to calculate lint value,Formula 4 below is used:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Lint}\mspace{14mu} {Value}} = \frac{{{Lint}\mspace{14mu} {Value}},{{{first}\text{-}{side}} + {{Lint}\mspace{14mu} {Value}}},{{second}\text{-}{side}}}{2}} & {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 4}\end{matrix}$

For samples measured only for one surface, subtract the average initialL reading found for the unused felts from each of the three L readings.Calculate the average delta for the three surface values. Subtract thefelt factor from this average. The final result is the lint value forthat particular web or product.

Color Test Method:

Color-containing surfaces are tested in a dry state and at an ambienthumidity of approximately 500%.±0.2%. Reflectance color is measuredusing the Hunter Lab LabScan XE reflectance spectrophotometer obtainedfrom Hunter Associates Laboratory of Reston, Va. The spectrophotometeris set to the CIELab color scale and with a D50 illumination. TheObserver is set at 10° and the Mode is set at 45/0°. Area View is set to0.125″ and Port Size is set to 0.20″ for films; Area View is set to1.00″ and Port Size is set to 1.20″ other materials. Thespectrophotometer is calibrated prior to sample analysis utilizing theblack and white reference tiles supplied from the vendor with theinstrument. Calibration is done according to the manufacturer'sinstructions as set forth in LabScan XE User's Manual, Manual Version1.1, August 2001, A60-1010-862.

If cleaning is required of the reference tiles or samples, only sanitarytissue products that do not contain embossing, lotion, or brightenersshould be used (e.g., Puffs® tissue). Any sample point on the externallyvisible surface of the element containing the imparted color to beanalyzed should be selected. Sample points are selected so as to beclose in perceived color. A single ply of the element is placed over thespectrophotometer's sample port. A single ply, as used within the testmethod, means that the externally visible surface of the element is notfolded. Thus, a single ply of an externally visible surface may includethe sampling of a laminate, which itself is comprised of more than onelamina. The sample point comprising the color to be analyzed must belarger than the sample port to ensure accurate measurements. A whitetile, as supplied by the manufacturer, is placed behind the externallyvisible surface. The L*, a*, and b* values are read and recorded. Theexternally visible surface is removed and repositioned so that a minimumof six readings are obtained for the externally visible surface. Ifpossible (e.g., the size of the imparted color on the element inquestion does not limit the ability to have six discretely different,non-overlapping sample points), each of the readings is to be performedat a substantially different region on the externally visible surface sothat no two sample points overlap. If the size of the imparted colorregion requires overlapping of sample points, only six samples should betaken with the sample points selected to minimize overlap between anytwo sample points. The readings are averaged to yield the reported L*,a*, and b* values for a specified color on an externally visible surfaceof an element.

In calculating the color space volume, V, maximum and minimum L*, a*,and b* values are determined for a particular set of elements to becolor matched. The maximum and minimum L*, a*, and b* values are used tocalculate V according to Formula 2 presented above.

Absorbency Test Method (Horizontal Full Sheet (HFS)):

The Horizontal Full Sheet (HFS) test method determines the amount ofdistilled water absorbed and retained by a paper towel product of thepresent invention. This method is performed by first weighing a sampleof the paper towel product to be tested (referred to herein as the “DryWeight of the paper”), then thoroughly wetting the paper towel product,draining the wetted paper towel product in a horizontal position andthen reweighing (referred to herein as “Wet Weight of the paper”). Theabsorptive capacity of the paper towel product is then computed as theamount of water retained in units of grams of water absorbed by thepaper towel product. When evaluating different paper towel productsamples, the same size of paper towel product is used for all samplestested.

The apparatus for determining the HFS capacity of paper towel productcomprises the following: an electronic balance with a sensitivity of atleast ±0.01 grams and a minimum capacity of 1200 grams. The balanceshould be positioned on a balance table and slab to minimize thevibration effects of floor/benchtop weighing. The balance should alsohave a special balance pan to be able to handle the size of the papertowel product tested (i.e.; a paper sample of about 11 in. (27.9 cm) by11 in. (27.9 cm)). The balance pan can be made out of a variety ofmaterials. Plexiglass is a common material used.

A sample support rack and sample support cover is also required. Boththe rack and cover are comprised of a lightweight metal frame, strungwith 0.012 in. (0.305 cm) diameter monofilament so as to form a grid of0.5 inch squares (1.27 cm²). The size of the support rack and cover issuch that the sample size can be conveniently placed between the two.

The HFS test is performed in an environment maintained at 23±1° C. and50±2% relative humidity. A water reservoir or tub is filled withdistilled water at 23±1° C. to a depth of 3 inches (7.6 cm).

The paper towel product to be tested is carefully weighed on the balanceto the nearest 0.01 grams. The dry weight of the sample is reported tothe nearest 0.01 grams. The empty sample support rack is placed on thebalance with the special balance pan described above. The balance isthen zeroed (tared). The sample is carefully placed on the samplesupport rack. The support rack cover is placed on top of the supportrack. The sample (now sandwiched between the rack and cover) issubmerged in the water reservoir. After the sample has been submergedfor 60 seconds, the sample support rack and cover are gently raised outof the reservoir.

The sample, support rack and cover are allowed to drain horizontally for120±5 seconds, taking care not to excessively shake or vibrate thesample. Next, the rack cover is carefully removed and the wet sample andthe support rack are weighed on the previously tared balance. The weightis recorded to the nearest 0.01 g. This is the wet weight of the sample.

The gram per paper towel product sample absorptive capacity of thesample is defined as (Wet Weight of the paper—Dry Weight of the paper).

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm”.

All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, inrelevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of anydocument is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this written document conflicts with any meaningor definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to the term in this written documentshall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

1. An array of paper towel products comprising a first paper towelproduct comprising a first pattern that is psychologically matched tosoftness and a second paper towel product comprising a second patternthat is psychologically matched to an intensive property of paper towelproducts other than softness, wherein the first and second paper towelproducts are marketed by the same company.
 2. The array of paper towelproducts according to claim 1 wherein the intensive property of papertowel products other than softness is strength.
 3. The array of papertowel products according to claim 1 wherein the paper towel products arehoused within paper towel product packages such that the first andsecond patterns are visible to a consumer.
 4. The array of paper towelproducts according to claim 3 wherein at least one of the paper towelproduct packages comprises a non-textual indicia selected from the groupconsisting of: colors, textures, scents, character representations,character representations exhibiting an active pose, pattern, image of apattern, emboss pattern image and mixtures thereof.
 5. The array ofpaper towel products according to claim 4 wherein the non-textualindicia is psychologically matched to softness.
 6. The array of papertowel products according to claim 3 wherein at least one of the papertowel product packages comprises textual indicia.
 7. The array of papertowel products according to claim 6 wherein the textual indicia denotessoftness.
 8. The array of paper towel products according to claim 3wherein the paper towel product packages comprise a common brand name.9. The array of paper towel products according to claim 1 wherein thefirst paper towel product exhibits a total dry tensile strength ofgreater than 550 g/in.
 10. The array of paper towel products accordingto claim 9 wherein the first paper towel product exhibits a total drytensile strength of from about 800 g/in to about 3000 g/in.
 11. Thearray of paper towel products according to claim 1 wherein a differenceof at least 50 g/cm in total dry tensile strength exists between thefirst and second paper towel products.
 12. The array of paper towelproducts according to claim 1 wherein the first paper towel productexhibits a first value of softness and the second paper towel productexhibits a second value of softness which is less than the first value.13. The array of paper towel products according to claim 12 wherein thefirst value of softness of the first paper towel product is greater thanabout 0.3 psu than the second value of softness of the second papertowel product.
 14. The array of paper towel products according to claim1 wherein the array further comprises a third paper towel productdifferent from the first and second paper towel products.
 15. The arrayof paper towel products according to claim 1 wherein the third papertowel product comprises a pattern comprising geometric shapes.
 16. Aprocess for making an array of paper towel products, the processcomprising the steps of: a. producing a first paper towel productcomprising a first pattern that is psychologically matched to softness;b. producing a second paper towel product comprising a second patternthat is psychologically matched to an intensive property of paper towelproducts other than softness; and c. packaging the first and secondpaper towel products in paper towel product packages comprising a commonbrand name.
 17. A marketing article associated with an array of papertowel products, the marketing article comprising a first pattern for apaper towel product wherein the first pattern is psychologically matchedto softness and a second pattern for a paper towel product wherein thesecond pattern is psychologically matched to an intensive property ofpaper towel products other than softness.